Marking clips for tumour-bed localization as a cause of chronic sinus formation and pain after breast conservation surgery for cancer: A case series of 4 patients

The Association of Breast Surgeons recommends the intra-operative placement of six paired surgical vessel ligation clips to allow accurate tumour bed localization during breast conserving surgery (BCS) to facilitate delivery of adjuvant radiotherapy. Little has been published regarding wound complications secondary to foreign-body reaction to titanium clips used for this purpose. We describe a series of four patients who developed delayed chronic wound complications following BCS, including non-healing ulcers, sinus formation and chronic pain.

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