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Evolution in Visualization for Sinus and Skull Base Surgery: From Headlight to Endoscope.
Otolaryngol Clin North Am. 2017 Apr 04;:
Authors: Ahmed OH, Marcus S, Lebowitz RA, Jacobs JB
Abstract
Rhinoscopy became a formal field of study in the mid-nineteenth century as improvements in nasal specula were made and the potent vasoconstrictive effects of cocaine on the intranasal tissues were discovered. Since then, a multitude of advances in visualization and illumination have been made. The advent of the Storz-Hopkins endoscope in the mid-twentieth century represents a culmination of efforts spanning nearly 2 centuries, and illumination has evolved concomitantly. The future of endoscopic sinus surgery may integrate developing technologies, such as 3-dimensional endoscopy, augmented reality navigation systems, and robotic endoscope holders.
PMID: 28389019 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
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