Anti-inflammatory effect of Astaxanthin in phthalic anhydride-induced atopic dermatitis animal model

Abstract

In this study, we investigated anti-dermatitic effects of Astaxanthin (AST) in phthalic anhydride (PA)-induced atopic dermatitis (AD) animal model as well as in vitro model. AD-like lesion was induced by the topical application of 5% PA to the dorsal skin or ear of Hos:HR-1 mouse. After AD induction, 100 μl of 1 mg/ml and 2 mg/ml of AST (10 μg or 20 μg/cm²) was spread on the dorsum of ear or back skin three times a week for four weeks. We evaluated dermatitis severity, histopathological changes and changes in protein expression by Western blotting for inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) activity. We also measured tumor necrosis factor- α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and immunoglobulinE (IgE) concentration in the blood of AD mice by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). AST treatment attenuated the development of PA-induced AD. Histological analysis showed that AST inhibited hyperkeratosis, mast cells and infiltration of inflammatory cells. AST treatment inhibited expression of iNOS and COX-2, and NF-κB activity as well as release of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and IgE. In addition, AST (5, 10, and 20μM) potently inhibited lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (1 μg/ml)-induced nitric oxide (NO) production, expression of iNOS and COX-2, and NF-κB DNA binding activities in RAW 264.7 macrophage cells. Our data demonstrated that AST could be a promising agent for AD by inhibition of NF-κB signaling.

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