Efficacy of systemic and intratympanic corticosteroid combination therapy versus intratympanic or systemic therapy in patients with idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss: a randomized controlled trial

Abstract

Objective

The present study was conducted to compare the rates of recovery from idiopathic sudden deafness after the treatment with oral and intratympanic corticosteroids in both mono and combination therapies.

Study design

Triple-blind randomized clinical trial.

Settings

Tertiary referral hospital.

Subjects and methods

A total of 112 patients who were admitted to the ENT emergency department randomly divided into three groups: an oral corticosteroid plus intratympanic placebo (systemic corticosteroid monotherapy group); an intratympanic corticosteroid plus oral placebo group (IT monotherapy group); and a combination therapy group (IT plus systemic combination group). All patients were treated additionally with antiviral and proton pomp inhibitor. An audiometry was performed once before beginning the therapies and again at the end of the therapy.

Results

Of the total of 112 patients, 32 received intratympanic (IT) corticosteroids, 45 were receiving systemic corticosteroids, and 35 were receiving a combination of the two. A total of 74 patients (66.1%) responded positively [response to treatment was calculated as gain of at least 10 dB in 10 dB in average threshold or with the minimum improvement of 15% in speech discrimination scores (SDS)] to corticosteroid therapy. No significant differences were observed between the three groups (IT, systemic group, and combination therapy group) in their overall response to treatment (p = 0.5). Patients who suffered from concomitant tinnitus and dizziness responded less positively to the treatment (p < 0.002). Positive family history of SSNHL seems to be negative prognostic factors in the response to treatment (p < 0.001). The response to treatment was not related to the pattern (p = 0.04) and initial severity of hearing loss (p = 0.9).

Conclusion

This study did not find any difference in the rate of hearing improvement between systemic, intratympanic, and combined corticosteroid therapy for sudden hearing loss.

Level of evidence

1b.

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