Outcomes of pediatric ABO-incompatible living kidney transplantations from 2002 to 2015: An analysis of the Japanese Kidney Transplant Registry

Background Extensive data have been accumulated for adults who have undergone ABO-incompatible (ABOi)-living kidney transplantation (LKT). In contrast, available published data on pediatric recipients who underwent ABOi-LKT from the early to middle 2000s is very limited. Thus, pediatric ABOi-LKT has remained relatively rare and there is a lack of large, multicenter data. Methods We analyzed data from the Japanese Kidney Transplant Registry to clarify the patient and graft outcomes of pediatric recipients who underwent ABOi-LKT from 2002 to 2015. A total of 102 ABOi and 788 ABO-compatible (ABOc) recipients were identified in this study. All recipients had received basiliximab and a triple immunosuppressive protocol comprising calcineurin inhibitors, mycophenolate mofetil, and steroids. ABOi recipients also received preconditioning therapies including B cell depletion by a splenectomy or rituximab treatment and therapeutic apheresis. Results Death rates for ABOi and ABOc recipients were 0.17 versus 0.17 deaths per 100 patient-years. Graft loss rates for ABOi and ABOc recipients were 1.58 versus 1.45 events per 100 patient-years. No particular causes of death or graft loss predominantly affected ABOi or ABOc recipients. Conclusions The results of this registry analysis suggest that pediatric ABOi-LKT can be performed efficiently. Although further studies are clearly required to perform pediatric ABOi-LKT more safely and less invasively, ABOi-LKT is now an acceptable treatment for pediatric patients with end-stage renal disease. Correspondence to: Motoshi Hattori, MD, PhD, Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, School of Medicine, 8-1 Kawada-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8666, Japan. (hattori@twmu.ac.jp). Authorship M.H. participated in research design, the performance of the research and the writing of the manuscript. M.M. participated in research design, the performance of the research and data analysis. S.S. participated in research design and the performance of the research. A.A., H.U., S.O., K.T., and A.H. participated in the performance of the research. The authors declare no conflicts of interest or funding. Copyright © 2018 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.

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