Human Oncoviruses: Mucocutaneous Manifestations, Pathogenesis, Therapeutics, and Prevention (Part I: Papillomaviruses and Merkel cell polyomavirus)

In 1964, the first human oncovirus, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), was identified in Burkitt lymphoma cells. Since then, six other human oncoviruses have been identified: human papillomavirus (HPV), Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV), hepatitis B and C viruses (HBV and HCV), human T-cell lymphotropic virus-1 (HTLV-1), and human herpesvirus-8 (HHV-8). These viruses are causally linked to 12% of all cancers, many of which have mucocutaneous manifestations. Additionally, oncoviruses are associated with multiple benign mucocutaneous diseases.

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