Purpose of review Ocular allergic contact dermatitis is a common yet challenging and frequently misdiagnosed condition. Inappropriate or delayed treatment can contribute to a variety of clinical symptoms such as tearing and itching with signs such as ptosis and cicatricial ectropion, resulting in deterioration of disease, for which the topical medication was originally prescribed to resolve. Recent findings Understanding previously unrecognized pathogenic mechanisms involving ocular contact...
Wed Aug 26, 2020 15:03
No abstract available
Wed Aug 26, 2020 15:03
Purpose of review This article reviews the ocular findings in patients with a myriad of autoimmune syndromes. This review will provide guidance and heighten awareness for the allergist or eye care provider to pay heed to the manifestations and treatments of autoimmune syndromes. Recent findings Autoimmune syndromes can present with varied manifestations on the ocular surface known to potentially cause significant visual morbidity. In particular, sterile corneal ulcers are the most devastating...
Wed Aug 26, 2020 15:03
Purpose of review To discuss the association between the common dominantly inherited genetic trait hereditary alpha-tryptasemia (HαT) and hymenoptera venom-induced anaphylaxis (HVA). Recent findings Elevated BST has been correlated with more severe systemic anaphylaxis in humans in a number of settings – most notably in HVA. Clonal mast cell disease, in particular, systemic mastocytosis, is frequently associated with elevated BST, and is a major risk factor for severe HVA. However, clonal...
Wed Aug 26, 2020 15:03
Purpose of review Epinephrine is the only life-saving treatment of anaphylaxis. Prescription and administration rates of self-injectable epinephrine are generally low. It is unclear whether this is because of availability, low prescription rates, fear of using epinephrine, or a combination of these issues. Recent findings This review focuses on what self-injectable epinephrine devices (SIED), such as auto-injectors and prefilled syringes, are preferred by patients and healthcare professionals...
Wed Aug 26, 2020 15:03
Purpose of review Climate change has brought about many changes in our ecosystem. Prolongation of pollen seasons has been reported, related to earlier frost off in the spring and later onset of frost on in the fall. This review considers recent global evidence that stinging insects are redistributing toward the poles, thereby potentially increasing human exposure and risk of sting events. Recent findings With changing climate, particularly climate warming, range expansion of insects is occurring...
Wed Aug 26, 2020 15:03
Purpose of review The rising global burden of allergic diseases, particularly in the pediatric population, is of serious concern. Ocular allergy is one of the most common ocular pathologies met in clinical practice. A large proportion of children and adolescents suffer from allergic eye diseases (AEDs), which affect their quality of life. The available treatments and surgical modalities have their limitations and side effects. Therefore, the development of novel and alternate strategies is the...
Wed Aug 26, 2020 15:03
Purpose of review Information on the natural history of hypersensitivity reactions is helpful for deciding which patient urgently needs a venom immunotherapy (VIT). Recent findings The frequency of self-reported systemic allergic reactions (SAR) to Hymenoptera stings is approximately 3–7% in the Northern Hemisphere. About 25% of SAR are severe (anaphylactic shock). Fatal sting reactions are very rare. The most important risk factor for severe insect sting anaphylaxis is mast cell disease....
Wed Aug 26, 2020 15:03
Purpose of review Epinephrine is the agreed-upon first line treatment for anaphylaxis, yet it continues to be underused by patients/caregivers and providers alike. Recent findings There are unfortunately limited data on how epinephrine can best be utilized in anaphylaxis, which hinders how best to inform patients and providers. Studies reporting underuse suggest various barriers and themes on why this may happen. Summary Continued education of patients, caregivers, and providers is needed;...
Wed Aug 26, 2020 15:03
Purpose of review To evaluate the impact of flavonoids and cannabinoids as anti-inflammatory and antiallergic treatments on the anterior surface of the eye. Recent findings Allergic conjunctivitis and dry eye syndrome are common ocular surface diseases that have been treated with traditional pharmacological measures, e.g. corticosteroids, antihistamines. Given the side-effect profiles of these medications and the growing interest in complementary treatment modalities as part of integrative...
Wed Aug 26, 2020 15:03
Purpose of review Oral allergy syndrome, also known as pollen-food syndrome (PFS), is a condition usually associated with adults and characterized by mild transient oropharyngeal symptoms. The purpose of this review is to determine whether systemic or anaphylactic reactions do occur and if so, who is affected and what are the triggers. Recent findings An increasing number of studies demonstrate that PFS occurs all age groups, and a significant number of affected adults do experience systemic...
Wed Aug 26, 2020 15:03
Purpose of review Vernal keratoconjunctivitis (VKC) is a rare chronic self-limiting allergic inflammatory disease of the ocular surface mostly affecting young boys in their first decade of life. In the last few years a new clinical entity of VKC has been described: adult VKC. Two variants have been identified according to clinical onset: early (childhood VKC persisting beyond puberty) and late onset (arising de novo in adults) adult VKC. Several epidemiologic studies on VKC have been published...
Wed Aug 26, 2020 15:03
Purpose of review To evaluate the indication to perform venom immunotherapy (VIT) during pregnancy considering the risks of adverse events during the build-up phase or the maintenance phase and analyzing specific articles and guidelines on VIT. Recent findings Only few studies treat this argument and literature only counts one recent study on the topic, whereas recent guidelines state the behavior to keep in pregnancy. Summary Hymenoptera venom allergy (HVA) affects about 7.5% of the...
Wed Aug 26, 2020 15:03
Purpose of review Chemokines are a large group of low molecular weight cytokines that attract and activate leukocytes throughout the body and therefore have a key role in the framework of late-phase allergic responses. The purpose of this article is to provide an overview of the main chemokines involved in allergic conjunctivitis, their primary functions and their physiological roles, and therapies targeted at chemokines and their receptors for ocular allergic diseases. Recent findings In...
Wed Aug 26, 2020 15:03
Purpose of review The present review aims to evaluate the use of complementary medicine among patients with allergic disorders, highlighting the risk of adverse reactions, which are often not considered and referred by patients to specialists. Recent findings Complementary medicine is often used in clinical practice and preferred by patients as it is considered a natural therapy compared to traditional medicine. This choice is because of various cultural and socioeconomics aspects. Summary...
Wed Aug 26, 2020 15:03
No abstract available
Wed Aug 26, 2020 15:03
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