Physical Activity, Body Mass Index, and Clustered Metabolic Risk in U.S. Adolescents: 2007–2012 Nhanes

Metabolic Syndrome and Related Disorders, Volume 16, Issue 2, Page 97-103, March 2018.


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Hemodynamic, airway pressure, and capnometric changes and perioperative outcome in pediatric laparoscopic inguinal herniorrhaphy: A comparison with open inguinal herniorrhaphy

Jyoti Garg, Suniti Kale, Nikki Sabharwal, Deepak Bagga, Anoop Raj Gogia

Anesthesia: Essays and Researches 2018 12(1):165-169

Background: Laparoscopic procedures which are now established in pediatric population as well exposes the child to supplemental cardiorespiratory changes due to increase in intraabdominal pressure (IAP) and hypercarbia. Aims: This study aims to analyze the effects of pneumoperitoneum and postural modifications on cardiorespiratory system (primary outcome) during pediatric laparoscopic herniorrhaphy (LH) and its comparison with open herniorrhaphy (OH) and assessment of overall perioperative outcome (secondary outcome). Settings and Design: A prospective, observational study conducted in a tertiary care hospital. Materials and Methods: Fifty children undergoing either LH (n = 25) or OH (n = 25) were included in the study. Anesthetic procedure was standardized. Parameters monitored were heart rate (HR), systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), mean arterial pressures (MAP), electrocardiogram lead-II, end-tidal CO2(ETCO2), airway pressures PPeak, PPlateau, PMean, pulse oximetry, IAP, minute ventilation/respiratory rate alterations. Statistical Analysis Used: Student's t-test and Chi-square test were applied to compare different variables between the two groups. Intragroup analysis was done using the analysis of variance test. Results: The HR was comparable in both groups. The rise in SBP, DBP, and MAP was 9% (102.88 ± 6.91–121.32 ± 6.63), 19% (60.88 ± 4.94–77.00 ± 9.75), and 14.8% (73.92 ± 4.65–90.40 ± 8.42), respectively, in group LH. The rise in peak, plateau, and mean airway pressures was 19.4% (14.20 ± 2.00–18.00 ± 2.54), 20.1% (13.32 ± 1.89–16.89 ± 2.60), and 16.1% (6.20 ± 1.00–7.47 ± 0.96), respectively, in group LH. ETCO2showed a maximum rise of 19.4% (34.52 ± 3.61–41.21 ± 3.99) in group LH. In laparoscopic group, recurrence was seen in 3 patients. Conclusions: We found significant hemodynamic, airway pressure, and capnometric changes during pediatric LH with comparable perioperative outcome among the two groups.

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Relationship Between Paraoxonase-1 and Butyrylcholinesterase Activities and Nutritional Status in Mexican Children

Metabolic Syndrome and Related Disorders, Volume 16, Issue 2, Page 90-96, March 2018.


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The role of nonpharmacological methods in attenuation of pain due to peripheral venous cannulation: A randomized controlled study

Archana Shivashankar, KB Nalini, Prapti Rath

Anesthesia: Essays and Researches 2018 12(1):7-10

Background: Establishing an intravenous access is indispensable for safe administration of anesthesia. Most of the times, it is executed without any analgesia although the pain associated with this procedure is quite agonizing to the patients. Aims: This study aims to evaluate the role of 3 different nonpharmacological measures such as Valsalva maneuver, flash of light, and distraction method in attenuation of pain during venous cannulation. Design: A clinical randomized controlled study. Materials and Methods: Two hundred patients of either sex, aged between 18 and 65 years, posted for elective surgery were enrolled in this study. Patients were randomly allocated into four groups, Group C-control, Group V (valsalva) - blew into sphygmomanometer raising the mercury column up to 30 mm of Hg, Group D (distraction) - pressed a rubber ball and Group L (light) - photographed with a flash of light before venous cannulation. During the process of cannulation, patients were observed and questioned, and pain was graded using a 4- point scale. After the cannulation, pain during the procedure was also assessed using visual analog scale (VAS) score. Data analysis was done using SPSS statistical package version 17. Results: A significant reduction in the incidence of pain was noted in distraction group 36% as compared to 44% in Group L, 46% in Group V, and 100% in the control group. The severity of pain as assessed by 4-point score was significantly lowest in Group D (0.26 ± 0.53) as compared to other three groups (Group V and L = 0.54 ± 0.16, Group C = 1.64 ± 0.6, P < 0.001). Mean VAS score was significantly low in Group D (0.6 ± 1.11) and Group L (0.54 ± 1.06) as compared to Group V (1.26 ± 1.76) and Group C (5.0 ± 1.21, P < 0.001). Conclusion: We conclude that distraction can be considered as a diligent, reasonable, and simple method to attenuate procedural pain during peripheral venous cannulation.

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Vaspin and Omentin-1 in Obese Children with Metabolic Syndrome: Two New Kids on the Block?

Metabolic Syndrome and Related Disorders, Volume 16, Issue 2, Page 73-75, March 2018.


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Comparison of levobupivacaine and levobupivacaine with dexmedetomidine in infraumbilical surgeries under spinal anesthesia

Amar Parkash Kataria, Vishal Jarewal, Rajan Kumar, Ankush Kashyap

Anesthesia: Essays and Researches 2018 12(1):251-255

Introduction: Spinal anesthesia is a widely used technique providing faster onset with effective and uniformly distributed sensory and motor block. Due to decreased cardiovascular and central nervous system toxicity, levobupivacaine is a good alternative for spinal anesthesia. Dexmedetomidine when used intrathecally is associated with prolonged motor and sensory block, hemodynamic stability, and less requirement of rescue analgesia in 24 h. Materials and Methods: A prospective, randomized study was carried out which included 60 adult patients between the age group of 20 and 65 years of physical status American Society of Anesthesiologists Classes I and II who underwent infraumbilical surgeries. Group L patients received 3 ml (15 mg) of 0.5% isobaric levobupivacaine + 0.3 ml normal saline while Group LD patients received 3 ml (15 mg) of 0.5% isobaric levobupivacaine + 0.3 ml (3 μg) dexmedetomidine. The two groups were compared with respect to the onset and duration of sensory and motor block and hemodynamic stability. Results: The mean duration of sensory block in Group L was 199.50 ± 7.96 min while in Group LD was 340.20 ± 11.78 min. All the differences were statistically highly significant between the two groups (P < 0.001). Mean duration of motor block in Group L and LD was 150.83 ± 9.17 min and 190.20 ± 9.61 min, respectively. Both the differences were highly significant (P < 0.001). Conclusion: It is concluded that Group LD has early-onset and prolonged duration of sensory and motor block and longer duration of postoperative analgesia than Group L.

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Dietary Fiber, C-Reactive Protein, and Leisure-Time Physical Activity Among U.S. Adults

Metabolic Syndrome and Related Disorders, Volume 16, Issue 2, Page 104-109, March 2018.


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