Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs): clinical-pathological parameters in squamous cell carcinomas of the lower lip

Abstract The objective of this study was to analyze the presence of tumor-associated macrophage (TAM) subpopulations M1 and M2 in squamous cell carcinoma of the lower lip (SCCLL) by immunohistochemitry, and to evaluate the possible role of these subtypes in the development of regional lymph node metastasis and their association with clinical and pathological parameters. Forty-two cases of SCCLL were divided into two groups (21 with and 21 without regional lymph node metastasis). The histopathological grade of malignancy was determined and the material was submitted to double staining with anti-CD68/anti-CD163 and anti-CD68/anti-HLA-DR monoclonal antibodies. The results were analyzed statistically using the Wilcoxon signed-rank and Spearman correlation tests. The M1 and M2 subpopulations were observed in all cases studied. No significant difference was observed between the quantities of M1 and M2 TAMs regarding tumor size (p > 0.05). A significantly larger number of M2 compared to M1 TAMs was observed in tumors without regional lymph node metastasis, tumors in early stages, and low-grade tumors (p < 0.05). No significant difference between the numbers of M1 and M2 TAMs was observed in tumors with regional lymph node metastasis, tumors in advanced stages, and high-grade tumors (p > 0.05). There was a positive weak correlation between M1 and M2 TAMs (r = 0.361; p = 0.019). The results suggest a more important role of M2 TAMs in early stages than advanced stages of lip carcinogenesis. The progression of SCCLL does not seem to be related to an imbalance of macrophage polarization in the microenvironment of these tumors.

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The relevance of clinical and radiographic features of jaw lesions: A prospective study

Abstract The study was carried out in a Brazilian population and the aim was to describe the prevalence and the clinic-radiographical features of jaw lesions. In addition, a comparison between the main diagnosis hypothesis and final diagnosis was accessed. A prospective study which evaluated all patients with jaw lesions diagnosed in an Oral Diagnosis Center, between August 2013 and October 2014. A total of 450 patients were observed for the first time, and 130 had some type of jaw lesion. The mean age of the patients was 35.2 years ± 17.86. Among these, 71 were women (54.62%) and 87 were Caucasian (66.92%). The mandible was affected more frequently (71.43%) than the maxilla (28.57%). Swelling and pain were the most frequent clinical signs and symptoms and were observed in 60 (42.85%) and 38 (27.14%) cases, respectively. The panoramic x-ray was the main radiographic exam utilized (88.57%). Radiolucent lesions accounted for 89 cases (63.57%) and the unilocular form was present in 114 cases (81.43%). A total of 93 cases had histopathological analyses and the periapical cyst was the most frequent lesion. In the other 47 lesions, the diagnosis was conducted by clinical and radiographic management. Bone lesions were frequent, being noted on first visit in approximately 30% of patients; in 1/3 of the cases, the diagnoses were completed with a combination of clinical and radiographic exams.

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Trends in paediatric and adult bloodstream infections at a Ghanaian referral hospital: a retrospective study

Bloodstream infections (BSI) are life-threatening emergencies. Identification of the common pathogens and their susceptibility patterns is necessary for timely empirical intervention.

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Hepatic Sinusoidal Dilatation: A Review of Causes with Imaging-Pathologic Correlation

Hepatic sinusoids are vascular conduits connecting the portal triad with the central vein. Multiple conditions can lead to sinusoidal dilatation and congestion with resultant stasis of blood within the lumen. The altered hemodynamics associated with hepatic sinusoidal dilatation generally result in heterogeneous enhancement of the hepatic parenchyma on contrast-enhanced CT and MR imaging, a pattern often described as "mosaic" enhancement. In this manuscript we review the causes of hepatic sinusoidal dilatation and the imaging manifestations on contrast-enhanced CT and MR.

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Liver function Assessment by Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Liver function assessment by hepatocyte specific contrast-enhanced MR is becoming a new biomarker. Liver function can be assessed by T1 mapping (reduction rate), signal intensity measurement (relative enhancement ratio) before and after GD-EOB-DTPA (gadoxetic acid) administration, as alternative to Tc-99m galactosyl serum albumin scintigraphy, 99m Tc-labelled mebrofenin scintigraphy and indocyanine green clearance test. MRI assessment of liver function can enable diagnosis of cirrhosis, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease associated fibrosis and steatohepatitis, primary sclerosing cholangitis, toxic hepatitis, chemotherapy and radiotherapy related changes, which may be only visible on hepatobiliary phase images.

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Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Liver Metastasis

Liver magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is becoming the gold standard in liver metastasis detection and treatment response assessment. The most sensitive MR sequences are diffusion weighted images and hepatobiliary phase images after Gd-EOB-DTPA. Peripheral ring enhancement, diffusion restriction and hypointensity on hepatobiliary phase images are hallmarks of liver metastases. In patients with normal ultrasonography (US), computed tomography (CT) and positron emission tomography (PET)-CT findings and high clinical suspicion of metastasis, MRI should be performed for diagnosis of unseen metastasis.

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Serratia marcescens on Mac Agar

Serratia marcescens a Gram (-) rod seen on MaConkey Agar a selective differential agar used to isolate Gram (-) organisms. Culture was grown at 37 degree for 24 hrs, cultures we light pink. The plate was held at room temperature for 24 hrs after that and the majority of Serratia turned red, pr...

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