Effects of aging and sarcopenia on tongue pressure and jaw-opening force.

Effects of aging and sarcopenia on tongue pressure and jaw-opening force.

Geriatr Gerontol Int. 2016 Jan 22;

Authors: Machida N, Tohara H, Hara K, Kumakura A, Wakasugi Y, Nakane A, Minakuchi S

Abstract
AIM: Aging and sarcopenia reduce not only body strength, but also the strength of swallowing muscles. We examined how aging and sarcopenia affect tongue pressure and jaw-opening force.
METHODS: A total of 97 older adults (97 men, mean age 78.5 ± 6.6 years; 100 women, mean age 77.8 ± 6.2 years) were enrolled. Classification of sarcopenia was based on the Criteria of Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia. To investigate which variable between aging and sarcopenia was a significant independent variable on tongue pressure and jaw-opening force, multivariate linear regression analysis was carried out.
RESULTS: The mean tongue pressure was 26.3 ± 7.8 kPa in men and 24.6 ± 7.2 kPa in women. The mean jaw-opening force was 6.3 ± 1.6 kg in men and 5.2 ± 1.3 kg in women. Tongue pressure in men, aging and sarcopenia were significant independent variables, whereas only sarcopenia was a significant independent variable in women. Jaw-opening force in men and sarcopenia were significant independent variables, whereas neither aging nor sarcopenia were significant independent variables in women.
CONCLUSIONS: We found different characteristics in the effects of aging and sarcopenia based on site and sex. We suggested that aging decreased tongue pressure more than jaw-opening force, and affected men more than women. Sarcopenia affected tongue pressure and jaw-opening force, with the exception of jaw-opening force in women. Considering these characteristics is useful to predict the decline of swallowing function, and provide appropriate interventions preventing dysphagia. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2016; ●●: ●●-●●.

PMID: 26800427 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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