THYROSIM App for Education and Research Predicts Potential Health Risks of Over-the-Counter (OTC) Thyroid Supplements.

THYROSIM App for Education and Research Predicts Potential Health Risks of Over-the-Counter (OTC) Thyroid Supplements.

Thyroid. 2016 Feb 19;

Authors: Han SX, Eisenberg M, Larsen PR, DiStefano Iii JJ

Abstract
BACKGROUND: Computer simulation tools for education and research are making increasingly effective use of the internet and personal devices. To facilitate these activities in endocrinology and metabolism, we developed and further validated a mechanistically-based simulator of human thyroid hormone and thyrotropin regulation dynamics, implementing it as a facile and freely accessible web-based and personal device application (the THYROSIM app). We elucidate and demonstrate its utility here in a research context by exploring key physiological effects of over-the-counter thyroid supplements.
METHODS: THYROSIM has a simple and intuitive user interface for teaching and conducting simulated "what-if" experiments. User-selectable "experimental" test-input dosages (oral, IV-pulses, IV-infusions) are represented by animated graphical icons integrated with a cartoon of the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis. Simulations of familiar T3, T4 and TSH temporal dynamic responses to these exogenous stimuli are reported graphically along with normal ranges on the same single interface page; and multiple sets of simulated experimental results are superimposable, to facilitate comparative analyses.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: We show that THYROSIM accurately reproduces a wide range of published clinical study data reporting hormonal kinetic responses to large and small oral hormone challenges. Simulation examples of partial-thyroidectomies and malabsorption illustrate typical usage, by optionally changing thyroid gland secretion and/or gut absorption rates - expressed as percentages of normal - as well as additions of oral hormone dosing, all directly on the interface, and visualizing the kinetic responses to these challenges. Classroom and patient education usage - with public health implications - is illustrated by predictive simulated responses to nonprescription thyroid health supplements analyzed previously for T3 and T4 content. Notably, we found T3 in supplements has potentially more serious pathological effects than does T4 - concomitant with low-normal TSH levels. Some preparations contain enough T3 to generate thyrotoxic conditions, with supernormal serum T3-spiking and subnormal serum T4 and TSH levels and, in some cases, with normal or low-normal range TSH levels due to thyroidal axis negative feedback. These results suggest that appropriate regulation of these products is needed.

PMID: 26895744 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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