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Genomic analysis of germ line and somatic variants in familial myelodysplasia/acute myeloid leukemia.
Blood. 2015 Nov 26;126(22):2484-90
Authors: Churpek JE, Pyrtel K, Kanchi KL, Shao J, Koboldt D, Miller CA, Shen D, Fulton R, O'Laughlin M, Fronick C, Pusic I, Uy GL, Braunstein EM, Levis M, Ross J, Elliott K, Heath S, Jiang A, Westervelt P, DiPersio JF, Link DC, Walter MJ, Welch J, Wilson R, Ley TJ, Godley LA, Graubert TA
Abstract
Familial clustering of myelodysplastic syndromes (MDSs) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML) can be caused by inherited factors. We screened 59 individuals from 17 families with 2 or more biological relatives with MDS/AML for variants in 12 genes with established roles in predisposition to MDS/AML, and identified a pathogenic germ line variant in 5 families (29%). Extending the screen with a panel of 264 genes that are recurrently mutated in de novo AML, we identified rare, nonsynonymous germ line variants in 4 genes, each segregating with MDS/AML in 2 families. Somatic mutations are required for progression to MDS/AML in these familial cases. Using a combination of targeted and exome sequencing of tumor and matched normal samples from 26 familial MDS/AML cases and asymptomatic carriers, we identified recurrent frameshift mutations in the cohesin-associated factor PDS5B, co-occurrence of somatic ASXL1 mutations with germ line GATA2 mutations, and recurrent mutations in other known MDS/AML drivers. Mutations in genes that are recurrently mutated in de novo AML were underrepresented in the familial MDS/AML cases, although the total number of somatic mutations per exome was the same. Lastly, clonal skewing of hematopoiesis was detected in 67% of young, asymptomatic RUNX1 carriers, providing a potential biomarker that could be used for surveillance in these high-risk families.
PMID: 26492932 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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