Summary
Background
Sweat secretion is the major function of eccrine sweat glands; when this process is disturbed (paridrosis), serious skin problems can arise. To elucidate causes of paridrosis, an improved understanding of the regulation, mechanisms and factors underlying sweat production is required. Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) exhibits pleiotropic functions that are mediated via its receptors (PAC1R, VPAC1R and VPAC2R). Although some studies suggested a role for PACAP in the skin and several exocrine glands, the effects of PACAP on the process of eccrine sweat secretion have not been examined.
Objectives
To investigate the effect of PACAP on eccrine sweat secretion.
Methods
RT-PCR and immunostaining were used to determine the expression and localization of PACAP and its receptors in mouse and human eccrine sweat glands. We subcutaneously injected PACAP into the footpads of mice and used the starch iodine test to visualize sweat-secreting glands.
Results
Immunostaining showed PACAP and PAC1R expression by secretory cells from mouse and human sweat glands. PACAP immunoreactivity was also localized in nerve fibres around eccrine sweat glands. PACAP significantly promoted sweat secretion at the injection site, and this could be blocked by the PAC1R-antagonist PACAP6-38. Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), an agonist of VPAC1R and VPAC2R, failed to induce sweat secretion.
Conclusions
This is the first report demonstrating that PACAP may play a crucial role in sweat secretion via its action on PAC1R located in eccrine sweat glands. The mechanisms underlying the role of PACAP in sweat secretion may provide new therapeutic options to combat sweating disorders.
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