Role of Circulating microRNAs in the Immunopathogenesis of Rejection Following Pediatric Lung Transplantation.

BACKGROUND: Acute rejection (AR) and development of chronic rejection, bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS), remain major limiting factors for lung transplantation (LTx). This retrospective study is to identify differentially expressed circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) that associate with development of AR and BOS in pediatric lung transplant recipients (LTxR). METHODS: We determined the circulating levels of 7 selected candidate miRNAs in 14 LTxR with AR, 7 with BOS, and compared them against 13 stable pediatric LTxR at 1, 6, and 12 months following LTx. In addition, 6 AR, 7 BOS and 8 stable pediatric LTxR, 16 AR, 17 BOS and 16 stable adult LTxR were included for validation. RESULTS: MiR-10a, -195, -133b were significantly lower in AR and miR-144, -142-5p, -155 were higher in AR compared to stable (p

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