Publication date: Available online 27 June 2017
Source:Annales de Dermatologie et de Vénéréologie
Author(s): F. Margerin, B. Cribier
IntroductionLe rare granulome annulaire élastolytique à cellules géantes (GAECG), décrit en 1979, est très proche du granulome actinique (GA) de O'Brien, décrit en 1975. Depuis, de nombreux cas ont été publiés sous l'un ou l'autre nom. Nous avons effectué une étude anatomoclinique monocentrique afin d'en préciser les caractéristiques et de déterminer s'il existait une différence entre GAECG et GA.Matériel et méthodesLes cas classés GAECG ou GA au laboratoire de dermatopathologie de Strasbourg ont été inclus et analysés avec les colorations hématoxyline-éosine, orcéine et bleu alcian. Le diagnostic était retenu lorsqu'il existait un granulome riche en cellules géantes multinucléées et une diminution ou une disparition du tissu élastique. Les renseignements cliniques ont été collectés à partir des demandes d'analyse et des dossiers cliniques.RésultatsNous avons retenu 73 cas : 12 classés GAECG et 61 GA. L'âge moyen était de 60,5 ans et le sex-ratio de 0,55. La durée d'évolution variait de 8jours à 17 ans. Il s'agissait d'une lésion unique dans 52 % des cas et de lésions multiples dans les autres cas. Leur taille variait de 0,3 à 10cm. Elles siégeaient avec prédilection dans les zones photo-exposées, majoritairement la tête, le cou et les membres supérieurs. Il s'agissait le plus souvent de lésions à bordure érythémateuse annulaire et à centre clair, de croissance centrifuge lente. Le diagnostic n'avait été proposé que dans 5,5 % des cas par le clinicien. Ces granulomes étaient de siège dermique superficiel et moyen, rarement profond, comportaient de nombreuses cellules géantes avec un contingent lymphocytaire constant, mais aussi plasmocytaire dans la moitié des cas. La coloration à l'orcéine montrait une diminution nette ou une disparition totale du tissu élastique au sein de la zone granulomateuse et presque toujours des images d'élastophagocytose. De manière plus rare, des images de nécrobiose, d'organisation palissadique de granulome, d'atteinte vasculaire ou encore de corps astéroïdes orcéinophiles étaient observées. Il n'y avait pas de différence clinique ou histologique notable entre les cas initialement classés comme GAECG ou GA.DiscussionLe GAECG est une entité unique distincte du granulome annulaire, qui doit être assimilée au granulome actinique d'O'Brien. Le rôle central des fibres élastiques semble clair mais celui des ultraviolets est plus débattu. Le terme de granulome annulaire élastolytique à cellules géantes apparaît plus approprié car plus descriptif et sans implication physiopathologique. Le lien avec une sarcoïdose ou un diabète semble significatif dans une minorité de cas, justifiant leur dépistage.BackgroundAnnular elastolytic giant cell granuloma (AEGCG), a rare entity first described in 1979, is very similar to O'Brien actinic granuloma (AG), first described in 1975. Since then, many cases have been published under one or other of the two names. We performed a single-centre histopathology study to identify the distinguishing features and determine whether there was any objective difference between AEGCG and AG.Patients and methodsCases classed as AEGCG or AG at the dermatopathology laboratory in Strasbourg were included and analysed using haematoxylin-eosin, orcein and Alcian blue staining. The diagnosis was made in the event of granuloma rich in multi-nucleated giant cells and reduction or disappearance of elastic tissue. Clinical data were collected from the analysis requests and clinical files.ResultsWe identified 73 cases: 12 classed as AEGCG and 61 classed as AG. Mean age was 60.5 years with a sex ratio of 0.55. The duration of the disease ranged from 8 days to 17 years. A single lesion was seen in 52% of cases with multiple lesions in the remaining cases. Lesions measured between 0.3 and 10cm and exhibited a predilection for photo-exposed areas, chiefly on the head, neck and upper limbs. In most cases, an annular erythematous edge was seen together with a light centre, and slow centrifugal spread. The diagnosis was made by a clinician in only 5.5% of cases. These granulomas were chiefly in the superficial and mid dermis and only rarely deep, and contained numerous giant cells with a constant contingent of lymphocytes, but plasma cells were also seen in half of the cases. Orcein staining revealed marked decrease or total disappearance of elastic tissue within the granulomatous area together with elastophagocytosis in practically all images. More rarely, there was evidence of necrobiosis, palisading granuloma, vascular involvement or orcein-stained asteroid bodies. There were no notable clinical or histological differences between the cases initially classed as AEGCG or AG.DiscussionAEGCG is a separate entity from annular granuloma that must be assimilated with O'Brien actinic granuloma. The central role of elastic fibres seems clear, but that of ultraviolet radiation remains more controversial. The term annular elastolytic giant cell granuloma seems more appropriate since it is more descriptive and carries no physiopathological implications. There appears to be a significant association with sarcoidosis and with diabetes in a minority of cases, thus warranting screening for these diseases.
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Τετάρτη 28 Ιουνίου 2017
Granulome annulaire élastolytique à cellules géantes : étude anatomoclinique
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