Publication date: Available online 8 August 2017
Source:Annales de Dermatologie et de Vénéréologie
Author(s): O. Faye, A.-A. Dicko, S. Berthé, L. Cissé, B. Traoré, A. Keita, Y. Fofana, K. Coulibaly, B. Keita
IntroductionL'utilisation de produits dépigmentants à visée cosmétique est largement répandue chez les femmes d'Afrique subsaharienne. De nombreuses complications (cutanées et systémiques) associées à cette pratique ont pourtant été décrites. La survenue de carcinomes épidermoïdes a longtemps été évoquée mais rarement rapportée, puisque seules trois observations ont été publiées. Nous en décrivons le premier cas observé au Mali.ObservationUne femme de 30 ans, sans antécédent pathologique notable, consultait pour une ulcération du cou évoluant depuis 5 ans. Elle utilisait des produits cosmétiques à base d'hydroquinone et de corticoïdes depuis environ 10 ans. À l'examen clinique, elle avait une large ulcération localisée à la face latérale gauche du cou. Les sérologiques des hépatites virales et du VIH étaient négatives. Le diagnostic de carcinome épidermoïde était confirmé par l'examen histopathologique. Une exérèse chirurgicale de la lésion était effectuée ; elle était suivie d'une récidive locale précoce trois mois plus tard, nécessitant une reprise chirurgicale.DiscussionLa prévalence élevée de l'usage des produits cosmétiques dépigmentants contraste avec la rareté du carcinome épidermoïde sur terrain dépigmenté. Toutefois, le délai de survenue d'une telle complication et le nombre croissant des cas rapportés doivent inciter les praticiens à promouvoir la prévention par des messages éducatifs, l'usage de filtres solaires et la biopsie systématique de toute ulcération chez les femmes employant des produits dépigmentants, en particulier lorsqu'il s'agit d'une localisation cervicale.BackgroundWomen widely use skin-lightening products for cosmetic purposes in sub-Saharan Africa despite numerous reported cutaneous and systemic complications. The occurrence of epidermoid carcinoma has long been reported, but only three cases have been published so far. We report the first case in Mali.Patients and methodsA 30-year old woman with no noteworthy medical history was seen at our outpatient center for cervical ulceration that had been present for the last 5 years. She had used cosmetic bleaching cream over a period of around ten years. Physical examination revealed extensive ulceration on the left side of her neck. Blood tests for viral hepatitis and human immunodeficiency virus were negative. The pathological examination of the skin biopsy confirmed the diagnosis of squamous cell carcinoma. After failure of the initial excision with early relapse, multiple surgical ablations were performed 3 months later.DiscussionThe high prevalence of skin-lightening cosmetic use contrasts with the rarity of epidermoid carcinoma in depigmented skin. However, a large chronic ulcer on uncovered parts of the upper body, particularly the neck, should prompt physicians to consider skin cancer. Appropriate preventive measures include the promotion of educational messages for the general population, the use of sun-protection devices, and routine skin biopsy for all women presenting chronic cervical ulceration after long-term use of skin-lightening products.
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