Nebulized ketamine for successful management of difficult airway

Awake fiberoptic intubation (FOI) is the gold standard of airway management when a difficult airway is expected. It is essential to sufficiently anaesthetize the upper airway and suppress the gag, swallow and cough reflexes prior to awake FOI and thus ensure patient comfort [1]. Topical application of local anaesthetics by nebulization is one of the techniques used to anaesthetize the airway. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on the advantage of a nebulized administration route of ketamine in securing the airway.

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