Sex hormones, gender and asthma

Asthma is a chronic, heterogeneous disease that ranges from mild, intermittent asthma to severe asthma. In 2015, asthma affected approximately 18 million adults and 6 million children in the United States.1 Asthma is characterized by coughing, wheezing, shortness of breath and/or chest tightness driven by increased airway reactivity, inflammation, and/or mucus production. The majority of patients with asthma have allergic airway inflammation characterized by type 2-mediated airway inflammation.2 However, some patients with asthma have low (or no) type 2-mediated airway inflammation but have increased neutrophils driven by type 1 or IL17-mediated airway inflammation.

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