Publication date: Available online 24 May 2018
Source:Annales de Dermatologie et de Vénéréologie
Author(s): A. Brunet, E. Hainaut
IntroductionLa porphyrie cutanée tardive (PCT) de type 1 est liée à une accumulation cutanée de porphyrines. Cette accumulation est due à un déficit en uroporphyrinogène décarboxylase strictement limité aux hépatocytes. Classiquement, elle se manifeste par une éruption bulleuse photo-distribuée.ObservationUne femme de 59 ans se présentait à la consultation de dermatologie pour des lésions scléreuses qui évoluaient depuis un an. Le reste de l'examen clinique et les explorations complémentaires n'orientaient pas vers une sclérodermie systémique. Le caractère photo-distribué des lésions conduisait à réaliser un dosage des porphyrines urinaires, qui étaient très élevées. Le taux sanguin d'uroporphyrinogène décarboxylase était en revanche normal, confirmant le diagnostic de PCT de type 1. La recherche d'une cause hépatique permettait de mettre en évidence une mutation hétérozygote H63D/C282Y du gène de l'hémochromatose. La patiente bénéficiait de saignées régulières, permettant une disparition complète de la sclérose cutanée.DiscussionLes lésions sclérodermiformes sont un mode de présentation inhabituel de la PCT, à l'origine de retards diagnostiques. L'accumulation d'uroporphyrines au niveau du derme stimulerait les fibroblastes, qui par la suite, synthétiseraient du collagène, expliquant la sclérose cutanée.BackgroundPorphyria cutanea tarda (PCT) is associated with cutaneous accumulation of porphyrins. This accumulation results from a deficiency of uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase occurring only in the liver. The classical presentation is blistering on sun-exposed areas.Patients and methodsA 59-year-old woman presented at the dermatology consultation for sclerotic lesions that had been present for one year. The remainder of the clinical examination and further investigations did not indicate systemic scleroderma. The sun-exposed nature of the lesions led us to perform an assay of urinary porphyrin, which was found to be elevated. Uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase levels were normal, confirming the diagnosis of type 1 PCT. Screening for a hepatic etiology revealed a heterozygous mutation H63D/C282Y of the hemochromatosis gene responsible for this clinical picture. The patient underwent regular bleeding, which led to complete disappearance of cutaneous sclerosis.DiscussionSclerodermatous lesions are an unusual presentation of PCT and cause delays in diagnosis. The accumulation of uroporphyrins in the dermis stimulates fibroblasts, which then synthesize collagen, resulting in cutaneous sclerosis.
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Παρασκευή 25 Μαΐου 2018
État scléreux révélant une porphyrie cutanée tardive
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