Fungal thyroiditis in a lung transplant recipient

Description  

A 59-year-old man was admitted with 3 weeks of worsening shortness of breath 18 months after receiving a bilateral lung transplant for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. His immunosuppression included tacrolimus, everolimus and low-dose prednisone with no antifungal prophylaxis at the time of admission. CT chest revealed multiple, bilateral pulmonary nodules (figure 1—red arrows). CT-guided biopsy revealed fungal hyphae (figure 2). The initial CT and ultrasound of the neck at the onset of sore throat was negative; however, repeat CT neck for evolving neck pain and dysphasia during hospital course showed a mass-like lesion in the right thyroid lobe with extensive surrounding inflammatory changes (figure 3—green arrow). The lesion was also visualised on ultrasound, where it appeared as a hypoechoic solitary nodule (figure 4). Laboratory evaluation revealed hyperthyroidism, with a Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH) of <0.01 µIU/mL (normal: 0.35–4.94 µIU/mL) and a...

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