RESUMEN La fasceítis necrotizante cervical (FNC) es una infección que afecta la fascia cervical y tejido subcutáneo, diseminándose rápidamente a través de los planos fasciales con una alta tasa de mortalidad. Si bien, las imágenes son una herramienta de apoyo fundamental para el diagnóstico, éste sigue siendo eminentemente clínico, presentando una rápida progresión de síntomas en pocas horas. El objetivo de esta presentación fue identificar factores descritos con peor pronóstico en el diagnóstico precoz de la FNC. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo de serie de casos de pacientes con diagnóstico de FNC en los últimos 10 años en el Servicio de Otorrinolaringología del Hospital Barros Luco Trudeau (HBLT). Se identificaron 5 pacientes, dentro de los cuales, los parámetros clínicos y de laboratorio a destacar fueron el dolor desproporcionado y rápido deterioro de exámenes de laboratorio. En los casos que había signos sugerentes de FNC en la tomografía computarizada, se favoreció el manejo quirúrgico agresivo, mientras que, en quienes no había imágenes sugerentes de FNC, se postergó el diagnóstico y su manejo precoz, provocando un desenlace fatal. La FNC constituye un cuadro grave en el que la sospecha clínica y rapidez de inicio del tratamiento resultan fundamental en el pronóstico.
ABSTRACT Cervical necrotizing fasciitis (CNF) is an infection that affects the cervical fascia and subcutaneous tissue. It is characterized by a rapid dissemination trough the fascial planes, with a high rate of mortality. Even tough imaging results a fundamental diagnostic tool, it is still made by clinic signs with rapid progression of symptoms in few hours. Here, we identify worse prognostic factors in the precocious diagnosis of CNF, from five cases presented in our center. A descriptive case-series study was performed in patients with CNF in the last ten years in the Otolaryngology Department of Barros Luco Trudeau Hospital. Five patients were identified, between the clinical and laboratory parameters. A disproportional pain and rapid deterioration of the laboratory exams were the most highlighted features. In the cases with suggestive signs of CFN in the CT scan, allowed an aggressive surgical management, while in those that had no suggestive images the diagnosis was delayed and therefore their management ended in a fatal outcome. CFN constitutes a severe picture in wich clinical suspicion and a prompt initiation of treatment are fundamental in its prognosis.
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