Nephrotoxicity is the major limiting factor for the clinical use of vancomycin (VCM) for treatment of serious infections caused by multi-resistant Gram-positive bacteria. This study investigated the renal protective activity of rutin in a rat model of VCM-induced kidney injury in male Wistar rats. VCM intraperitoneally at 200 mg/kg twice daily for 7 successive days resulted in significant elevation of blood urea nitrogen and creatinine as well as urinary N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase. Co-administration of VCM with oral rutin at 150 mg/kg significantly reduced these markers of kidney damage. Rutin also significantly attenuated VCM-induced oxidative stress, inflammatory cell infiltration, apoptosis and decreased IL-1β and TNF-α levels (all P<0.05 or 0.01) in kidneys. Renal recovery from VCM injury was achieved by rutin through increases in Nrf2 and HO-1 and a decrease in NF-B expression. Our results demonstrated a protective effect of rutin on VCM-induced kidney injury through suppression of oxidative stress, apoptosis and down regulation of the inflammatory response. This study highlights a role for oral rutin as an effective intervention to ameliorate nephrotoxicity in patients undergoing VCM therapy.
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