Sulfur Doping Induces Strong Ferromagnetic Ordering in Graphene: Effect of Concentration and Substitution Mechanism

In this work, imprinting ferromagnetism to graphene structure is reported by substitution of carbon atoms with sulfur. S-doped graphene (4.2 at%) shows strong ferromagnetic properties with saturation magnetization exceeding 5.5 emu g⁻¹ at 2 K, which is among the highest ­values reported for any sp-based system. ­Remarkable magnetic response is attributed to delocalization of electrons from sulfur injected into the graphene conduction band.

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