Evaluation of acute Ni bioavailability models for model and non-model species

An 'average animal' bioavailability model and an 'average Crustacean' BLM for predicting acute Ni toxicity to vertebrate and invertebrate species was developed. The 'average animal' model was based on a weighted average of the existing invertebrate (D. magna, C. dubia and D. pulex BLMs) and vertebrate (fish model) bioavailability models. The developed 'average animal' bioavailability model has a log-linear pH effect (SpH=0.162) which is superimposed on a classic BLM-type Ca2+ and Mg2+ competition effect. The 'average Crustacean' model was based on a arithmetic average of the existing invertebrate BLMs (D. magna, C. dubia and D. pulex BLMs). The developed 'average Crustacean' BLM has a classic BLM-type structure with a Ca2+ and Mg2+ competition effect. The 'average animal' model and the 'average Crustacean' BLM were shown to accurately predict acute Ni toxicity for 5 invertebrate species. Furthermore, the models predicted Ni toxicity to L. minor more accurate than the existing algae models. The 'average animal' model predicted also acute Ni toxicity to 2 vertebrate species with reasonable accuracy. Therefore, these models can both be used to normalize Ni toxicity data of animals in risk assessment procedures. The 'average Crustacean' BLM, however, depicts the effect of pH on acute Ni toxicity to daphnids better than the 'average animal' bioavailability model.

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