Publication date: Available online 17 July 2017
Source:Annales de Dermatologie et de Vénéréologie
Author(s): J. Castagna, J. Clerc, A.-S. Dupond, C. Laresche
IntroductionLa tumeur à cellules granuleuses (TCG) est une tumeur rare constituée de cellules de Schwann. Nous rapportons le cas d'un enfant atteint d'un syndrome de Noonan compliqué de leucémie myélomonocytaire juvénile (LMMJ) et qui a développé aussi une forme multiple de TCG. Les mécanismes moléculaires qui pourraient expliquer une telle association sont discutés.ObservationUn garçon de 6 ans atteint de syndrome de Noonan compliqué de LMMJ présentait trois nodules sous-cutanés asymptomatiques du dos, de l'avant-bras et du cou. L'analyse histologique montrait des TCG. Une revue de la littérature montre que sept cas de syndrome de Noonan présentant des TCG ont été décrits, aucun en association à une LMMJ. La mutation du gène PTPN11, via l'hyperactivation du signal Ras intracellulaire, pourrait être responsable du développement des TCG et de la LMMJ chez les enfants souffrant d'un syndrome de Noonan.DiscussionUn examen clinique détaillé est recommandé chez un enfant présentant une TCG, pour rechercher une forme multiple et des signes malformatifs orientant vers un syndrome génétique. Notre observation correspond au premier cas décrit de syndrome de Noonan compliqué de LMMJ associé à des TCG multiples. Cette association soulève une fois de plus l'importance de la voie de signalisation Ras-MAPK dans le développement des tumeurs bénignes ou malignes, solides ou sanguines, associées aux syndromes génétiques.BackgroundGranular cell tumour (GCT) is a rare form of tumour comprising Schwann cells. Herein, we report a case of a child presenting Noonan syndrome complicated by juvenile myelomonocytic leukaemia (JMML) and who also developed a multiple form of GCT. We discussed the molecular mechanisms that might account for this association.Patients and methodsA six-year-old boy with Noonan syndrome complicated by JMML presented three asymptomatic subcutaneous nodules on his back, forearm and neck. Histological analysis revealed GCT. A literature review revealed seven cases of Noonan syndrome presenting GCT, none of which were associated with JMML. Mutation of gene PTPN11, via hyperactivation of intracellular Ras signalling may cause the development of GCT and JMML in children presenting Noonan syndrome.DiscussionDetailed clinical examination is recommended in children presenting GCT to screen for multiple forms and for signs of malformation suggestive of a genetic syndrome. Ours is the first case to be described of Noonan syndrome complicated by JMML associated with multiple GCT. This association once again raises the important question of the role of the Ras-MAPK signalling pathway in the development of benign and malignant tumours of solid organs or blood, associated with genetic syndromes.
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