Corticosteroid treatment is associated with increased filamentous fungal burden in allergic fungal disease

Publication date: Available online 6 November 2017
Source:Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology
Author(s): Marcin G. Fraczek, Livingstone Chishimba, Rob M. Niven, Mike Bromley, Angela Simpson, Lucy Smyth, David W. Denning, Paul Bowyer
BackgroundAllergic diseases caused by fungi are common. The best understood conditions are allergic bronchopulmonaryaspergillosis (ABPA) and severe asthma with fungal sensitisation (SAFS). Our knowledge of the fungal microbiome (mycobiome) is limited to a few studies involving healthy individuals, asthmatics and smokers. No study has yet examined the mycobiome in fungal lung disease.ObjectivesThe main aim of this study was to determine the mycobiome in lungs of individuals with well characterised fungal disease. A secondary objective was to determine possible effects of treatment on the mycobiome.MethodsAfter bronchoscopy, ITS1 DNA was amplified and sequenced and fungal load determined by RT-PCR. Clinical and treatment variables were correlated with the main species identified. ABPA (n=16), SAFS (n=16), severe asthma not sensitised to fungi, (n=9), mild asthma patients(n=7) and 10 healthy controls were studied.ResultsThe mycobiome was highly varied with severe asthmatics carrying higher loads of fungus. Healthy individuals had low fungal loads, mostly poorly characterised Malasezziales.The most common fungus in asthmatics was Aspergillus fumigatus complex and this taxon accounted for the increased burden of fungus in the high level samples. Corticosteroid treatment was significantly associated with increased fungal load (p<0.01).ConclusionsThe mycobiome is highly variable. Highest loads of fungus are observed in severe asthmatics and the most common fungus is Aspergillusfumigatus complex. Individuals receiving steroid therapy had significantly higher levels of Aspergillus and total fungus in their BAL.

Teaser

This article reports the first analysis of fungal communities in lungs of individuals with fungal disease. Effects of steroid and antifungal drugs suggest complex patterns of fungal burden with potential implications for treatment.


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