Multidrug-resistant (MDR) Acinetobacter spp. have been globally disseminated in association with successful clonal lineage Acinetobacter baumannii international clone II (IC II). Because the prevalence of MDR Acinetobacter spp. in Japan remains very low, we characterized all Acinetobacter spp. (n=866) from 76 hospitals between October 2012 and March 2013 to describe the entire molecular epidemiology of Acinetobacter spp. The most prevalent species was A. baumannii (n = 645; 74.5%), with A. baumannii IC II (n = 245) accounting for 28.3% of total. Meropenem-resistant isolates accounted for 2.0% (n = 17) and carried ISAba1-blaOXA-23-like (n = 10), blaIMP (n = 4), or ISAba1-blaOXA-51-like (n = 3). Multilocus sequence typing of 110 representative A. baumannii revealed the considerable prevalence of domestic STs. A. baumannii IC II isolates were divided into domestic ST469 (n = 18) and globally disseminated ST208 (n = 14) and ST219 (n = 4). ST469 isolates were susceptible to more antimicrobial agents, while ST208 and ST219 overproduced intrinsic AmpC β-lactamase. A. baumannii IC II and some A. baumannii non-IC II STs (e.g. ST149 and ST246) were associated with fluoroquinolone resistance. This study revealed carbapenem-susceptible A. baumannii IC II was moderately disseminated in Japan. The low prevalence of acquired carbapenemase genes and presence of domestic STs could contribute to the low prevalence of MDR A. baumannii. A similar epidemiology might have appeared before the global dissemination of MDR epidemic lineages. In addition, fluoroquinolone resistance associated with A. baumannii IC II may provide insight into the significance of A. baumannii epidemic clones.
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