The aim of this study was to assess the inflammatory cytokine response and possible association with antimicrobial treatment with penicillin, ceftriaxone and doxycycline in acute leptospirosis. In the early acute stage, IL-10 was higher in mild cases compared to severe cases (p=0.01). IL-6 and IL-8 levels were low in patients who received >5 antimicrobial doses (p<0.01). IL-8 was negatively correlated with number of ceftriaxone doses administered (r=-0.315; p=0.031). Further studies are needed to evaluate the possible down-regulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines by ceftriaxone in leptospirosis.
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