Niacinamide leave-on formulations provide long-lasting protection against bacteria in vivo

Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) form a part of the skin's innate immune system. Their primary activity is to provide antimicrobial benefits and hence protect from infections. During the course of an infection or an injury, these AMPs become activated and provide protection against pathogens. Major AMPs that are present constitutively on human skin include psoriasin, RNAse7, and lysozyme while other AMPs like LL-37, HBD2, and HBD3 are induced after infection, injury or inflammation. Niacinamide is a well-known cosmetic ingredient that has been used traditionally for skin lightening, antiaging and skin barrier building benefits.

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